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GAS ENGINE. No. 585,651. Patented July 6,1897.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

FRANZ BURGER, OF FORT WAYNE, INDIANA, ASSIGNOR OF TIIREE-FOUR'IIIS TO HENRY M. VILLIAMS, OF SAME PLACE.

GAS-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent'No. 585,651, dated July 6, 1897.

Application filed March 26, 1894. Serial No. 505,205. (No model.)

fo @ZZ whom it may con/cern.-

Be it known that I, FRANZ BURGER, avotizen of the United States, residing in the city of Fort IVayne, in the county of Allen and State of Indiana, have invented certaink new and useful Improvements in Explosive Motors or Engines Using Explosive Gaseous Mixtures for Generating Power similar to the class commonly known as gas-engines,of which the following is a specification.

Multiplicity of parts, expense of construction, and uneven irregular power production `and transfer are three serious defects of explosive-motors that I have sought to overcome (successfully, I believe) by my invention.

My construction of a projection from the piston-head extending through the explosionchamber and an extension of the explosionchamber fitted to receive such projection, in connection with appropriate placing of the inlet and outlet openings of the explosionchamber, accomplishes the admission and compression of the charge and expulsion of the products of combustion at every revolution by the stroke and return of the piston, and in connection with a reservoir at the rear of the piston-head into which the explosive elements are admitted and which is connected with the inlet-ports of the explosion-chamber heats and mixes thoroughly the explosive elements.

The piston-head and its small projection and receiver, with appropriatelyplaced charging and exhaust ports, do away with expensive and complex valves,cranks, and other devices and make possible an explosion and power impulse for every revolution, the only additional element required being suction at the exhaust erpressure at the inlet port. I use the latter, and produce it by means of a therewith-connected reservoir behind the piston-head, into which the gas and air or other explosive mixture are directly drawn by the return and compressed by the stroke of the piston.

The power and speed are regulated by a secondary reservoir communicating with that into which the mixture is directly drawn by a passage-way kept closed at ordinary speed sive mixture from the reservoir A, either by a Valve which is opened by any suitable governor adjusted to open such valve whenever the speed exceeds the desired number of revolutions per minute.

I attain the objects sought and remedy thc 5 5 defects mentioned by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in Which- Figures I and II are vertical sections of an upright engine made by planes at right angles 6o to each other, illustrating one means of accomplishing the desired results, showing, in conection with the novel devices invented by me, familiar and well-known working parts of an explosive-motor and representing the piston-head at the limit of its motion at the end of its stroke in Fig. I and beginning thereof in Fig. II. Figs. III and IV are'vertical sections representing the extension of the conibustion-chamber and part of the piston projection, in which figures the inlet-ports are formed so as to surround the projection instead of being formed in the projection, Fig. III showing a hollow projection and Fig. IV representing the same as solid. Fig. V is a cross-'section on the line X X and illustrates the inlet-ports in the cylinder extension.

Similar letters referto similar parts in the several views.

The term compression-space is applied to the space occupied by the explosive charge `at the commencement of the stroke and the term combustion chamber includes the compression-space and that part of the space inside the cylinder through which the face of the piston-head travels.

A represents a space back of the pistonhead equal to or greater than the space within the cylinder traversed by the piston-head, air-tight except for two openings-viz., an inlet s, through which the explosive elements enter, and an outlet B, through which the explosive mixture passes directly, as indicated in Fig. IV, or by way of the opening B2, of a hollow piston-head, as shown in Figs. I and II, to the extension O of the explosionchamber E, and thence via the inlet-ports D into the explosion-chamber E.

'B represents a passage-way for the explo- IOO through a projection l5' of the piston-head or a conduit outside the piston-as, for example, a pipe leading from A around outside the cylinder, as shown in Fig. IV, to a space C within an extension C of the cylinder.

C represents the space within an extension C/ of the cylinder and is merely an extension of the combustionchamber, though no combustion ever takes place within it owing to the projection B of the piston-head fitting so closely within its walls.

D D represent the inlet-ports of the combustion-chamber and may be openings in the projection B of the piston-head7 if hollow, or in the end of the cylinder or wall of the combustion-chamber; in the formerfrom the passage ll and in the latter from the space C, into the combustion-chamber E.

E represents the combustion-chamber-. c., entire space which the charge occupies from its ignition to its escape from the cylinder through the exhaust-ports, the inclosing walls of such space including that part of the cylinder above and below the limit of the pathway of the face of the piston-head and Ei that part of the combustion-chamber beyond the limit of the piston-heads movement.

l represents the exhaust-ports, which are at the extremity of the combustion-chamber reached by the face of the piston-head in its stroke.

F represents a passage connecting the reservoir A with a secondary or regulating reservoir G, having any convenient capacity not, however, much less than A, and H is a valve for opening and closing such passage-way F.

p represents the piston-rod; q, the crank or circular disk attached tothe shaft vr for transt'erring the motion of the piston to such shaft.

Fig. l also shows an ordinary balance-wheel, a governor which opens F whenever the speed or number of revolutions becomes too great, and a hot-tube igniting apparatus 0 for exploding the charge. Fig. ll discloses an apparatus for admitting air and gas to A in proper proportions, consisting of gas-pipe Z, air-duct m, gravity-valve fn for opening and closing both, and passage s for the mixture. Both Figs. I and Il also disclose the usual water-jacket and other well-known parts of an explosive-engine.

The inlet and exhaust ports are so constructed and placed that the exhaust is partly open before any part of the new charge enters through the inlet-ports.

j lVhen the projection B is hollow and the inlet-ports are cuttherein, (shown in Figs. I and 11,) they open only when below C', and the motion of B with the piston opens them at the extremity of the stroke and immediately closes them on the return, G/ acting as aiixed cut-off. lf the ports are cut in C', then they are open to C only when the free end of C is below them-z'. e., at the end of the piston stroke-and li acts as a movable cut-olf for opening and closing them. The length of B and position and size of ports D are so adj usted as to open the inlet-ports fully at the end of thepiston stroke and not at all until after t-he exhaust-ports have begun to open. B may be either solid or hollow il' ports D are around it, but must be hollow at the i'ree end at least if they are within it. The outside ot' l5 and inside of C are iitted, so as to exclude the possibility of flame passing between, but not necessarily closer.

The engine operates as follows: During the return of the piston the pressure in A is So reduced as to lift n and admit the required quantity of explosive elements for a charge, the same mixing with those already in A. The stroke by reducing the size of A compresses its contents so that when D is open to admit to the combuStien-chamber a charge of the explosive mixture via the passage B and C if around or B2, l), and C it' through the piston-head and its projection, (according to the construction with or without a hollow piston-head and projectioin) at the same time heating and more thoroughly mixingthe same and expelling part of the combustion products from E. The return of the piston compresses this charge into the limits of the compression-space E2 for tiring immediately the piston passes the dead-point from return to stroke. Both inlet and exhaust ports are fully open at the end of the stroke. The shape of such part of the cylinder and inclosed space F,2 as is beyond the return of the piston is immaterial, if only the projection 13' is so iitted to the extension C' as to open and close the inlet-ports, as above, and prevent the escape of llame from that end of the combustion-chamber.

The material and principles of construction of such motors are so well known that the foregoing will enable one skilled in the art to embody my improvements in an engine.

In explosive-motors I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, the following:

l. The combination in a gas-engine, of a combustion-chamber having a hollow extension, a plunger having a projection working in said extension, and ports controlled by said extension and projection and admitting explosive mixture to said chamber only when the plunger is at the limit of its stroke, substantially as described.

2. The combination in a gas-engine, of a combustion-chamber having a hollow extension, a plunger having' a hollow projection working` in said extension and provided with ports which are controlled by said extension and projection and which admit explosive mixture to said chamber only when the plunger is at the limit of its stroke, substantially as described.

The combination in a gas-engine, of a water-jacketed combustion-chamber having a hollow water-jacketed extension, a plunger having a projection working in said extension and provided with ports which are controlled by said extension and projection, and

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which admit explosive mixture to said cham ber only when the plunger is at the limit of its stroke, substantially as described.

4. The combination in a gas-engine, of a combustion-chamber having a hollow extension, a plunger having an opening therethrough, and provided with a hollow projection in direct communication with said opening, and provided with ports which are controlled by said extension and projection, and which ports admit explosive mixture to said chamber only when the plunger is at the limit of its stroke, substantially as described.

5. The combination in a gas-engine, of a combustion-chamber having an exhaust at the point of limit ofthe stroke of the piston,and an igniter at the upper part of said chamber, a hollow extension of the chamber, and a plun- Attest:

S. R. ALBEN, J oHN MoRRIs, Jr. 

